Greetings

1. Dobrý den

   DOB-ree den

   Good day / Hello

   Usage

   Formal greeting used with strangers and in shops

   Grammar Note

   Formal Czech greeting. Time-specific: Dobré ráno (morning), Dobrý den (day), Dobrý večer (evening)

2. Ahoj

   A-hoy

   Hi / Hey

   Usage

   Casual greeting used with friends and acquaintances

   Grammar Note

   Informal greeting possibly sharing origin with English "ahoy". Can also be used as farewell

3. Na shledanou

   na SKHLE-da-nou

   Goodbye

   Usage

   Formal farewell used in shops, offices, and formal settings

   Grammar Note

   Literally "until we meet again". Informal alternatives: "Čau" or "Ahoj"

4. Prosím

   PRO-seem

   Please / Here you go / You're welcome

   Usage

   Versatile word: please, here you go, or you're welcome

   Grammar Note

   One of the most versatile Czech words — context determines whether it means please, here you go, or you're welcome

5. Děkuji

   DYE-ku-yi

   Thank you

   Usage

   Standard expression of gratitude

   Grammar Note

   "Děkuji vám" is more formal. Casual form is "Díky"

6. Mluvíte anglicky?

   MLU-vee-te ANG-lits-ki

   Do you speak English?

   Usage

   Used when asking a local if they speak English

   Grammar Note

   "Mluvíte" is the formal/polite 2nd person form. Casual: "Mluvíš anglicky?"

7. Jak se máte?

   yak se MAH-te

   How are you? (formal)

   Usage

   Formal way to ask how someone is doing

   Grammar Note

   Casual: "Jak se máš?" Answer: "Dobře, děkuji" (Fine, thank you)

8. Jmenuji se...

   YME-nu-yi se

   My name is...

   Usage

   Used when introducing yourself by name

   Grammar Note

   First person singular of reflexive verb "jmenovat se" (to be called). "Jsem..." is an alternative

9. Vítejte v České republice

   VEE-tey-te v CHES-ke RE-pub-li-tse

   Welcome to the Czech Republic

   Usage

   Used at tourist sites and official occasions to welcome visitors

   Grammar Note

   "České republice" is the locative case form required after the preposition "v" (in/to)

10. Promiňte

    PRO-miny-te

    Excuse me / I'm sorry

    Usage

    Used to get someone's attention or to apologize lightly

    Grammar Note

    Formal imperative of "prominout" (to forgive/excuse). Casual: "Promiň"

11. Kde je toaleta?

    Where is the toilet/bathroom?

    Usage

    Basic phrase for asking where the toilet is in restaurants or public places

    Grammar Note

    Question word "kde" (where) comes first. Czech has noun cases, but nominative is used in question form

12. Neumím česky

    I can't speak Czech

    Usage

    Used to tell someone you can't speak Czech; often followed by a request to use English

    Grammar Note

    Uses the adverbial language form "česky" (in Czech). "Neumím" is the negated form of "umět" (to be able/know how)

13. Ještě se vrátím.

    YESH-tye se VRAH-tyeem

    I'll come again

    Usage

    Said when leaving a shop — a friendly way to signal you enjoyed it

14. Moc jsem si to užil.

    mots ysem si to U-zhil

    I had a great time

    Usage

    Said when parting, to share how much you enjoyed it

    Grammar Note

    Female speakers say "užila" instead

15. Díky, uvidíme se!

    DYEE-ki, U-vi-dyee-me se

    Thanks, see you

    Usage

    A casual farewell for someone you've become friendly with

16. Dobrou noc.

    DOB-rou nots

    Good night

    Usage

    Said just before going to sleep — not a farewell, but a bedtime greeting

17. Jdu ven.

    ydu ven

    I'm heading out

    Usage

    Said when leaving your lodging for a while

18. Jsem doma.

    ysem DO-ma

    I'm back

    Usage

    Said upon returning to your lodging; literally "I'm at home"

19. Omlouvám se, už musím jít.

    OM-lou-vahm se, uzh MU-seem yeet

    I'll be going now

    Usage

    A polite phrase for excusing yourself when leaving before others

20. Není zač.

    NE-nyee zach

    You're welcome

    Usage

    An alternative to "Prosím" for replying to thanks

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